![]() ![]() Conversely, cognitive psychologists suggest that panic attacks result from the catastrophic (cortical) interpretation of bodily symptoms. Competitor hypotheses implicate panic attacks with the abnormal functioning of locus coeruleus, basolateral amygdala, dorsomedial hypothalamus or an as-yet-unknown suffocation alarm system. Accordingly, the Deakin Graeff hypothesis provided a unified frame to the widespread use of 5-HT selective reuptake inhibitors in generalized anxiety, panic disorder and depression. ![]() Besides, they suggested that the decrease in 5-HT1A neurotransmission in the hippocampus results in learned helplessness and depression. About 20 years ago, Deakin and Graeff proposed that whereas generalized anxiety disorder is produced by the overactivity of 5-HT excitatory projections from dorsal raphe nucleus to the areas of prefrontal cortex and amygdala which process distal threat, panic attacks are a dysfunction of 5-HT inhibitory projections from dorsal raphe nucleus to the dorsal periaqueductal gray matter, thereby releasing the responses to proximal threat, innate fear or anoxia. ![]()
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